Defence Studies1735-172312120140321Consequences of Developmental Leadership from Hazrat Imam Khamenei’s (His Excellency) View in Research Institutes of Armed ForcesConsequences of Developmental Leadership from Hazrat Imam Khamenei’s (His Excellency) View in Research Institutes of Armed Forces122651FAMohamad EbrahimSanjaghiAssociate Professor Malek Ashtar University of TechnologyAliFarahiAssociate Professor Imam Hussein University of TechnologyMajidZeinoddiniPhD student in defense policyJournal Article20140202Regarding the complexities of the present era, developmental leadership in knowledge-based institutes has gained appreciation and fame more than other common theories in the literature of organization and management. This paper tries to analyze Imam Khamenei’s (His Excellency) discourse using the data-based theory and to delineate the results of developmental leadership in research institutes of the armed forces. In this research, Imam Khamenei’s (His Excellency) speeches were studied through whole reading. In the following, using an open sampling method, 348 texts were selected and through open coding with detailed analysis, 735 codes, 42 concepts and 6 categories were identified. The results show that developmental leadership in the studied organization can have optimal results and effects according to Islamic and revolutionary values at personal, organizational and supra-organizational domains.Regarding the complexities of the present era, developmental leadership in knowledge-based institutes has gained appreciation and fame more than other common theories in the literature of organization and management. This paper tries to analyze Imam Khamenei’s (His Excellency) discourse using the data-based theory and to delineate the results of developmental leadership in research institutes of the armed forces. In this research, Imam Khamenei’s (His Excellency) speeches were studied through whole reading. In the following, using an open sampling method, 348 texts were selected and through open coding with detailed analysis, 735 codes, 42 concepts and 6 categories were identified. The results show that developmental leadership in the studied organization can have optimal results and effects according to Islamic and revolutionary values at personal, organizational and supra-organizational domains.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_651_afd27eb740cead0c003aaa96a792dde8.pdfDefence Studies1735-172312120140321Strategic-Indigenous Model for Evaluating Performance of Employees and Managers of I.R. IRAN'S Military ForcesStrategic-Indigenous Model for Evaluating Performance of Employees and Managers of I.R. IRAN'S Military Forces2356652FAAhmad RezaSanjariAssistant Professor and Faculty Member of Shahid Sattari Air UniversityMohamad RezaGharayi AshtianiAssistant Professor of Supreme National Defense UniversityJournal Article20131224The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: What is the strategic –indigenous model to evaluate the performance of employees and managers of the armed forces? This research is one of the applied-developmental researches. The population of this research is composed of the leaders, managers and experts in the armed forces and defense organizations as Iran's Islamic Revolution, Iranian Revolutionary Guards, the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces and the Police. The sample is composed of 64 members of the mentioned population that were selected by non-probable purposeful method with regard to the feature of this research’s subject to a convenient target. Research data were collected by means of interview and questionnaire and using qualitative method of content analysis and quantitative methods of statistical using Student t-tests, analysis of variance, Duncan, factor analysis and Friedman ranking and were analyzed through SPSS & Lisrel software. The results of this research were validated on the basis of components of the strategic-indigenous pattern of evaluating the performance of employees and executives of the armed forces, and four integrative layers for the systems of evaluation of N.M. employee’s performance were submitted and were approved.The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: What is the strategic –indigenous model to evaluate the performance of employees and managers of the armed forces? This research is one of the applied-developmental researches. The population of this research is composed of the leaders, managers and experts in the armed forces and defense organizations as Iran's Islamic Revolution, Iranian Revolutionary Guards, the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces and the Police. The sample is composed of 64 members of the mentioned population that were selected by non-probable purposeful method with regard to the feature of this research’s subject to a convenient target. Research data were collected by means of interview and questionnaire and using qualitative method of content analysis and quantitative methods of statistical using Student t-tests, analysis of variance, Duncan, factor analysis and Friedman ranking and were analyzed through SPSS & Lisrel software. The results of this research were validated on the basis of components of the strategic-indigenous pattern of evaluating the performance of employees and executives of the armed forces, and four integrative layers for the systems of evaluation of N.M. employee’s performance were submitted and were approved.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_652_4c9f8db181ae5ee61bac00d36c9f815d.pdfDefence Studies1735-172312120140321Reviewing Cities Wars and Missile Attacks during the Holy Defense and Providing Strategies for the Future WarReviewing Cities Wars and Missile Attacks during the Holy Defense and Providing Strategies for the Future War5787653FAHadiMoradpiriAssistant Professor Imam Hussein University of TechnologyJournal Article20140412The phenomenon of missile and space attacks emerged in twentieth century and developed during the Second World War, but space and missile attack of Iran’s cities during the holy Defense by Iraq resulted in the emergence of weaknesses in confronting with this aspect of war in frontiers in the battle of truth against fault. Considering the experience of cities war during the holy defense and the resulted war in the region and world it can be understood that in the future possible war also the role of confrontation will be from a distant way (distant war) and destruction of infrastructures and equipment of the opposite side. Therefore, the important question of this paper, is the threats of cities war and providing necessary strategies for the future war and we tried to gain the required data with a descriptive and analytic method and by distributing questionnaire between 40 experts of the holy Defense and cities war and the results show that cities of Iran in the future war were strategically in conservative situation which the required suggestions are provided in this regard.The phenomenon of missile and space attacks emerged in twentieth century and developed during the Second World War, but space and missile attack of Iran’s cities during the holy Defense by Iraq resulted in the emergence of weaknesses in confronting with this aspect of war in frontiers in the battle of truth against fault. Considering the experience of cities war during the holy defense and the resulted war in the region and world it can be understood that in the future possible war also the role of confrontation will be from a distant way (distant war) and destruction of infrastructures and equipment of the opposite side. Therefore, the important question of this paper, is the threats of cities war and providing necessary strategies for the future war and we tried to gain the required data with a descriptive and analytic method and by distributing questionnaire between 40 experts of the holy Defense and cities war and the results show that cities of Iran in the future war were strategically in conservative situation which the required suggestions are provided in this regard.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_653_1a61da1ac49fb768c104d72453deeeff.pdfDefence Studies1735-172312120140321Designing and Manufacturing Military Weapons and Equipments without FactoryDesigning and Manufacturing Military Weapons and Equipments without Factory89118654FAManouchehrManteghiAssociate Professor Malek Ashtar University of TechnologyAmirNikzadDoctor of Public AdministrationSeyyed KamalTabaeianPhD in Technology Management, Allameh Tabatabai UniversityAliManteghiMaster of Management MBA and PhD Student of Technology Management, University of TehranJournal Article20130922One of the factors which decreases costs in defensive sector and results in economic growth is designing and manufacturing military weapons and equipment without factory that in modern literature is called outsourcing in industry section. In this research, it has been tried to classify and plan the methods of outsourcing efficiency in the country's defensive industry sector on the basis of their priorities by using quantitative and qualitative methods and especially using tools of in-depth interview and open questionnaires. In this study, two groups were considered as the target population: The first group involves15experts who began to produce military weapons without factory during the Holy war. The second group consists of 50 professionals of defense industries after the Holy war until the now who have done significant activities in this area. In the following, six key components in a successful outsourcing were identified by implementation of the Delphi method and the rank of each component and the type of solidarity between components were analyzed, and at the end the conceptual model of successful outsourcing in defense industry has been provided.One of the factors which decreases costs in defensive sector and results in economic growth is designing and manufacturing military weapons and equipment without factory that in modern literature is called outsourcing in industry section. In this research, it has been tried to classify and plan the methods of outsourcing efficiency in the country's defensive industry sector on the basis of their priorities by using quantitative and qualitative methods and especially using tools of in-depth interview and open questionnaires. In this study, two groups were considered as the target population: The first group involves15experts who began to produce military weapons without factory during the Holy war. The second group consists of 50 professionals of defense industries after the Holy war until the now who have done significant activities in this area. In the following, six key components in a successful outsourcing were identified by implementation of the Delphi method and the rank of each component and the type of solidarity between components were analyzed, and at the end the conceptual model of successful outsourcing in defense industry has been provided.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_654_02b4e2f136caf1e875dbf1fdd7a8859a.pdfDefence Studies1735-172312120140321Assessing the Strategic Vulnerabilities and Weaknesses of the Dominated System’s ActorsAssessing the Strategic Vulnerabilities and Weaknesses of the Dominated System’s Actors119162655FAEbrahimMottaghiProfessor, University of TehranZohrehPoostinchiAssistant Professor Islamic Azad University, Rouden BranchHosseinDehghanMinister of Defense and Armed Forces Assistant Professor, Malek Ashtar UniversityYaghoubZohdiAssistant Professor Imam Hussein UniversityMohamadAkraminiaStrategic Management ResearcherJournal Article20140319Understanding the strategic vulnerabilities of the U.S. and the Zionist regime cannot be explained without considering the function and processes of application of power. A significant portion of the U.S. and Zionist regime's vulnerability signs results from intra-structural challenges, increasing intervening and unilateral measures in the regional and international environment. The authors in order to validate their theoretical findings designed 100 questionnaires each of which composed of 28 closed ended questions and distributed them among academic, defensive, security and diplomatic elites. From this group, 50 individuals, most of whom were graduated and had military, diplomatic and academic job positions answered the questionnaires. The findings show that economic crisis, social conflicts, confrontation of elites in strategic policymaking, cultural conflict and great power’s disagreement about regional issues should be considered as signs of erosion which paves the way for change (transformation) in the geometry of the world’s power system.Understanding the strategic vulnerabilities of the U.S. and the Zionist regime cannot be explained without considering the function and processes of application of power. A significant portion of the U.S. and Zionist regime's vulnerability signs results from intra-structural challenges, increasing intervening and unilateral measures in the regional and international environment. The authors in order to validate their theoretical findings designed 100 questionnaires each of which composed of 28 closed ended questions and distributed them among academic, defensive, security and diplomatic elites. From this group, 50 individuals, most of whom were graduated and had military, diplomatic and academic job positions answered the questionnaires. The findings show that economic crisis, social conflicts, confrontation of elites in strategic policymaking, cultural conflict and great power’s disagreement about regional issues should be considered as signs of erosion which paves the way for change (transformation) in the geometry of the world’s power system.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_655_b3f8899662b6a86c6bf14c0b115da8df.pdfDefence Studies1735-172312120140321US Function in Militarization of Space and I.R.Iran’s Defensive StrategyUS Function in Militarization of Space and I.R.Iran’s Defensive Strategy163194656FASeyyed AhmadMirzaeeAssistant Professor and Director of Defense Diplomacy Department at Malek Ashtar University of TechnologyImanKhosraviMS in International Relations Arms Control DiplomacyJournal Article20140104Space as the fourth environment of power, has been reason of security reaction of the space actors. Security moves has been emerged more in the frame of militarization of space and in this case US as the most important actor, has had the greatest impact in this frame. This important subject has undeniable impacts on security movements of other space actors including I.RIran.This paper seeks to answer what is the United States’ security approach to space and defensive strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. To answer this question, in addition to a library method, depth interviews with 28 university professors, practitioners and experts of this major at MA and PhD level. In this regard, findings such as spatial strategy changing from internal to external, passive defense to proactive defense, optimal use from security cooperation, détente, using foreign satellite, increasing the number of satellites in different orbits, and using resistant satellites versus invasion, accelerating the procedure of missile power and creating a multi-layered defense defensive strategy of our country were obtained.Space as the fourth environment of power, has been reason of security reaction of the space actors. Security moves has been emerged more in the frame of militarization of space and in this case US as the most important actor, has had the greatest impact in this frame. This important subject has undeniable impacts on security movements of other space actors including I.RIran.This paper seeks to answer what is the United States’ security approach to space and defensive strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. To answer this question, in addition to a library method, depth interviews with 28 university professors, practitioners and experts of this major at MA and PhD level. In this regard, findings such as spatial strategy changing from internal to external, passive defense to proactive defense, optimal use from security cooperation, détente, using foreign satellite, increasing the number of satellites in different orbits, and using resistant satellites versus invasion, accelerating the procedure of missile power and creating a multi-layered defense defensive strategy of our country were obtained.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_656_c8081245c93f197a3088e320efac10d7.pdf