Defence Studies1735-172314420161221Measuring and assessing Threats of the Region Countries against I.R. of Iran Using the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Model for the Strategic Studies Center for the Assessment of ThreatsMeasuring and assessing Threats of the Region Countries against I.R. of Iran Using the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Model for the Strategic Studies Center for the Assessment of Threats134245FAMohammadAhadiExpert in Strategic issues and PH.D of National SecurityMohsenMoradianExpert of National Security and PH.D of National Security StudiesJournal Article20161218Failure to estimate the future threats of I.R. of Iran that could have a negative effect on the mission of the Armed Forces has always been the main concern for the commanders. The purpose of this study is to determine the severity of these threats against I.R. of Iran that could contribute to the success of the mission of these forces. This research seeks to answer this question: What is the priority of the threats against I.R of Iran? In order to analyze the research data and validate the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistics and systematic analysis method have been used. The research method has been descriptive and its approach was an applied one. Explaining the theoretical foundations and influential factors on threats were conducted using library resources and doing field research, holding elite sessions, interviewing experts and using a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research consisted of 60 the experts, researchers and elites of the AJA’s Strategic Studies Center, and the elites of the Armed Forces and Security of Research, Scientific and Academic Centers. The results of the research show that the most important threatening countries of I.R. of Iran are the United States and the Zionist regime, respectively and the arrangement of the six regional countries has also been identified regarding the threat against I.R. of Iran.Failure to estimate the future threats of I.R. of Iran that could have a negative effect on the mission of the Armed Forces has always been the main concern for the commanders. The purpose of this study is to determine the severity of these threats against I.R. of Iran that could contribute to the success of the mission of these forces. This research seeks to answer this question: What is the priority of the threats against I.R of Iran? In order to analyze the research data and validate the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistics and systematic analysis method have been used. The research method has been descriptive and its approach was an applied one. Explaining the theoretical foundations and influential factors on threats were conducted using library resources and doing field research, holding elite sessions, interviewing experts and using a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research consisted of 60 the experts, researchers and elites of the AJA’s Strategic Studies Center, and the elites of the Armed Forces and Security of Research, Scientific and Academic Centers. The results of the research show that the most important threatening countries of I.R. of Iran are the United States and the Zionist regime, respectively and the arrangement of the six regional countries has also been identified regarding the threat against I.R. of Iran.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_245_84093c6de0efe78d7e573f8324c81e52.pdfDefence Studies1735-172314420161221Investigation and Explanation of the Strategic Thinking Dimensions of the Commanders and Senior Managers Regarding Enhancement of the Combat power
(Case study: A military Organization)Investigation and Explanation of the Strategic Thinking Dimensions of the Commanders and Senior Managers Regarding Enhancement of the Combat power
(Case study: A military Organization)3564246FAMohammad RezaGharaee AshtianiAssistant Professor at the National Defense UniversityJournal Article20160713The present paper tries to answer the following question: What are the aspects of the strategic thinking of the senior managers and leaders? What is the status of the strategic thinking dimensions of the commanders and managers of the given military organization? This research based on the achievement or result is a type of developmental-applied study which used a survey method in order to collect its required data. The statistical population of the research is the commanders and senior managers of the above-mentioned military organization at various levels and employed in the military units located in Tehran. Using Morgan and Krejcie Table and a non-probabilistic sampling method, 80 individuals were selected as the sample of this research. The main collecting data instrument used in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.91. The results showed that religious and Islamic insight, self-esteem, environmental consciousness, systematic and creative thought, militancy, learning and knowledge management, etc. are considered as the most important dimensions of the strategic thinking of the senior commanders and managers of the military organizations. The general status of the strategic thinking dimensions of the given military organizations’ commanders and senior managers has been lower than the average and is in need of improvement.The present paper tries to answer the following question: What are the aspects of the strategic thinking of the senior managers and leaders? What is the status of the strategic thinking dimensions of the commanders and managers of the given military organization? This research based on the achievement or result is a type of developmental-applied study which used a survey method in order to collect its required data. The statistical population of the research is the commanders and senior managers of the above-mentioned military organization at various levels and employed in the military units located in Tehran. Using Morgan and Krejcie Table and a non-probabilistic sampling method, 80 individuals were selected as the sample of this research. The main collecting data instrument used in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.91. The results showed that religious and Islamic insight, self-esteem, environmental consciousness, systematic and creative thought, militancy, learning and knowledge management, etc. are considered as the most important dimensions of the strategic thinking of the senior commanders and managers of the military organizations. The general status of the strategic thinking dimensions of the given military organizations’ commanders and senior managers has been lower than the average and is in need of improvement.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_246_4592940788462519b78f19169a77c5fd.pdfDefence Studies1735-172314420161221The Necessary Combined Commanding Model of the Military OrganizationsThe Necessary Combined Commanding Model of the Military Organizations65102247FAVahidRiaziResearcher and PH.D of Defense PolicyJournal Article20160613The correct training of human resource is very complicated and the deviance and damage resulting from an improper training is very detrimental. The training of commanders, leaders and military leaders is based on the values of the pure Islam is an internal process, and a without-root and exterior imposed action leads to attenuation and reduction of the effectiveness of the military organizations. In this paper, after analyzing the theoretical perspectives and theories about the definitions, elements in the realm of commandership and leadership, the researcher answers the main question that what are the effective factors and indices in the combinational military commanding model of the military organizations. This research is an applied study and used a case-field and correlational method by selecting a statistical sample from the statistical population (126 subjects who were selected by a stratified sampling with a purposeful approach, 30 individuals were selected). The findings show that the combined commanding involves the following 6 components of perceptual skills, technical skills, faculty skills, military leadership, self-esteem and creativity with relevant indicators that play a role in the design of a necessary combined commanding model for the military organizations.The correct training of human resource is very complicated and the deviance and damage resulting from an improper training is very detrimental. The training of commanders, leaders and military leaders is based on the values of the pure Islam is an internal process, and a without-root and exterior imposed action leads to attenuation and reduction of the effectiveness of the military organizations. In this paper, after analyzing the theoretical perspectives and theories about the definitions, elements in the realm of commandership and leadership, the researcher answers the main question that what are the effective factors and indices in the combinational military commanding model of the military organizations. This research is an applied study and used a case-field and correlational method by selecting a statistical sample from the statistical population (126 subjects who were selected by a stratified sampling with a purposeful approach, 30 individuals were selected). The findings show that the combined commanding involves the following 6 components of perceptual skills, technical skills, faculty skills, military leadership, self-esteem and creativity with relevant indicators that play a role in the design of a necessary combined commanding model for the military organizations.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_247_0d496fe29968150bcd632a58dd1a68a1.pdfDefence Studies1735-172314420161221The Characteristics of a Possible Future War against I.R. of Iran and Strategies to Deal with ItThe Characteristics of a Possible Future War against I.R. of Iran and Strategies to Deal with It103131248FAFathollahKalantariPH.D of Strategic Defense, Defense Policy and Researcher of the Future WarJournal Article20161217A war involves three strategic, operational and tactical levels and each of these mentioned levels has its own characteristics. Any space and place in which a war is being implemented is called a dimension, such as land, air, sea, etc. The main objective of this paper is to outline the strategic dimensions and features of the future war and to provide strategies of the future war against I.R. of Iran. It should be. This research has been carried out through using a field- and case-oriented method and is of a developmental-applied nature; the method of data collection was a library and field-oriented approach. The statistical population of the study was 73 individuals, which analyzed using the expertness analysis methods. The results of the research indicate that future wars have 7 dimensions (terrestrial, naval, aerospace, cyber or cyberspace, cognitive or media and mind space) and 10 strategic features (multidimensionality, cognitive-orientedness, intelligence-hood, impact orientedness, technology orientedness, capability-orientedness, people-orientedness, online and horizontal commanding and controlling, informational domination, value orientedness and idealism). After the environmental study, 9 cases of strength, 8 cases of weakness, 6 cases of chance and 6 cases of threat were obtained. Based on the SWOT model, eight strategies have been presented that have been combine with 10 strategic, fundamental and important features of the future warfare and based on them 8 appropriate suggestions have been presented. According to the obtained strategic position, the condition of the Armed Forces I.R. of Iran in the forthcoming war is a desirable situation, and at the beginning of the first quarter, i.e., the direction of the invasion has been focused on strength.A war involves three strategic, operational and tactical levels and each of these mentioned levels has its own characteristics. Any space and place in which a war is being implemented is called a dimension, such as land, air, sea, etc. The main objective of this paper is to outline the strategic dimensions and features of the future war and to provide strategies of the future war against I.R. of Iran. It should be. This research has been carried out through using a field- and case-oriented method and is of a developmental-applied nature; the method of data collection was a library and field-oriented approach. The statistical population of the study was 73 individuals, which analyzed using the expertness analysis methods. The results of the research indicate that future wars have 7 dimensions (terrestrial, naval, aerospace, cyber or cyberspace, cognitive or media and mind space) and 10 strategic features (multidimensionality, cognitive-orientedness, intelligence-hood, impact orientedness, technology orientedness, capability-orientedness, people-orientedness, online and horizontal commanding and controlling, informational domination, value orientedness and idealism). After the environmental study, 9 cases of strength, 8 cases of weakness, 6 cases of chance and 6 cases of threat were obtained. Based on the SWOT model, eight strategies have been presented that have been combine with 10 strategic, fundamental and important features of the future warfare and based on them 8 appropriate suggestions have been presented. According to the obtained strategic position, the condition of the Armed Forces I.R. of Iran in the forthcoming war is a desirable situation, and at the beginning of the first quarter, i.e., the direction of the invasion has been focused on strength.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_248_857eea45eb3eb6e372433dc7c3c07b48.pdfDefence Studies1735-172314420161221The Pattern of Exploitation of the Commanders in the Field of Jihad from the Perspective of the Holy Qur'anThe Pattern of Exploitation of the Commanders in the Field of Jihad from the Perspective of the Holy Qur'an133163249FASorenaKiyaniSecretary of the Department of Environmental Science and Threatening at the Center for Strategic Studies of the Army of the Islamic Republic of IranJournal Article20161114Most of the countries in the world, and accordingly I.R. of Iran, are seeking to improve the level of productivity of their Armed Forces personnel in accomplishing the assigned missions, and since the Islamic Iran has established its constitution according to the teachings of the Holy Qur'an; therefore, it is required that the criterion for assessing commandership that has the honor to serve in the armed forces of such a country should be determined on the basis of the Qur'anic principles. This paper tries to answer the following question: What is the productivity pattern of the commanders from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an? The present paper has a data-based method and since it seeks to provide a Qur'anic pattern of the commanders’ productivity in the Armed Forces of I.R. of Iran through using the Quranic findings, it is considered to be of an applied nature. The statistical population of the research includes the luminous verses of the Holy Qur'an, commentaries of the Holy Quran, as well as 20 Qur'anic science and education experts and defensive affairs who have been selected through a targeted approach. In the present research, data collection methods were field and library study and the data gathering tool from the expert was a questionnaire. According to the findings of this research, the components of authoritarianism, spirituality, quality-orientation and proper education are effective on the commanders' productivity pattern and, on the other hand, the consequence of the commanders’ productivity is creation and maintenance of the community's security against the enemies. The component of the commander’s spirituality has the greatest impact and the commander's physical strength has the least impact on the productivity creation. It should be noted that 94% of the experts (absolute majority) have considered the effect of the mentioned components on the model of the commanders’ productivity a lot.Most of the countries in the world, and accordingly I.R. of Iran, are seeking to improve the level of productivity of their Armed Forces personnel in accomplishing the assigned missions, and since the Islamic Iran has established its constitution according to the teachings of the Holy Qur'an; therefore, it is required that the criterion for assessing commandership that has the honor to serve in the armed forces of such a country should be determined on the basis of the Qur'anic principles. This paper tries to answer the following question: What is the productivity pattern of the commanders from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an? The present paper has a data-based method and since it seeks to provide a Qur'anic pattern of the commanders’ productivity in the Armed Forces of I.R. of Iran through using the Quranic findings, it is considered to be of an applied nature. The statistical population of the research includes the luminous verses of the Holy Qur'an, commentaries of the Holy Quran, as well as 20 Qur'anic science and education experts and defensive affairs who have been selected through a targeted approach. In the present research, data collection methods were field and library study and the data gathering tool from the expert was a questionnaire. According to the findings of this research, the components of authoritarianism, spirituality, quality-orientation and proper education are effective on the commanders' productivity pattern and, on the other hand, the consequence of the commanders’ productivity is creation and maintenance of the community's security against the enemies. The component of the commander’s spirituality has the greatest impact and the commander's physical strength has the least impact on the productivity creation. It should be noted that 94% of the experts (absolute majority) have considered the effect of the mentioned components on the model of the commanders’ productivity a lot.https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_249_44a672b0bdc1c1cde8ab6953eab32d61.pdfDefence Studies1735-172314420161221The Analysis of Saudi Arabia’s Militant Foreign Policy against Iran in the Framework of the Constructivism TheoryThe Analysis of Saudi Arabia’s Militant Foreign Policy against Iran in the Framework of the Constructivism Theory165195250FAHosseinMahdianPH.D. student of political science, University of IsfahanAliAli HosseiniAssistant Professor of Political Science, University of IsfahanAlirezaAgahosseiniAssociate professor of political science, University of IsfahanJournal Article20160613The present research has sought to investigate the foreign policy of the new generation of Saudi rulers towards Iran in the framework of the constructivist theory. Therefore, after analyzing the theoretical concepts, the findings of this research in the realm of the internal and external issues and challenges of Saudi Arabia and the impact of these issues and challenges on the acceptability and legitimacy crisis of the Saudi political system and the position of this country towards Iran in the region and the world as well as the foreign policy resulting from this external situation have been analyzed. From the perspective of this research (whose hypotheses were evaluated using a field approach and a statistical method from 45 university professors and researchers related to the given topic), its findings show that the adoption of Saudi’s hostile foreign policy towards I.R. of Iran, in the realm of the regional issues, the oil market, as well as Iran's nuclear program, is a sort of identity politics aimed at creating an inter-regional atmosphere inside and outside this country in order to provide the needed identity for the political legitimacy within the country and to identify the position of this country abroad (leading the Arab world and the influential power of the region).The present research has sought to investigate the foreign policy of the new generation of Saudi rulers towards Iran in the framework of the constructivist theory. Therefore, after analyzing the theoretical concepts, the findings of this research in the realm of the internal and external issues and challenges of Saudi Arabia and the impact of these issues and challenges on the acceptability and legitimacy crisis of the Saudi political system and the position of this country towards Iran in the region and the world as well as the foreign policy resulting from this external situation have been analyzed. From the perspective of this research (whose hypotheses were evaluated using a field approach and a statistical method from 45 university professors and researchers related to the given topic), its findings show that the adoption of Saudi’s hostile foreign policy towards I.R. of Iran, in the realm of the regional issues, the oil market, as well as Iran's nuclear program, is a sort of identity politics aimed at creating an inter-regional atmosphere inside and outside this country in order to provide the needed identity for the political legitimacy within the country and to identify the position of this country abroad (leading the Arab world and the influential power of the region).https://ds.sndu.ac.ir/article_250_a083de06eae0e91fe113e3564abcc6c7.pdf