Identification of Geopolitical and Geo strategic Factors Influencing Defense Strategies

Document Type : research Artichel

Authors

1 PhD student in Geopolitics and Geostrategy at the National Defense University

2 Associate Professor, National Defense University

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Geography, National Defense University-Tehran

4 Assistant Professor, Army Command and Staff University

5 National Defense University

Abstract

Modern defense strategies are shaped by the complexity of geopolitical and geostrategic factors, and understanding these factors is essential to ensuring national security. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted to develop defense strategies, with the identification of influential geopolitical and geostrategic factors forming the core of these studies. However, most of these efforts have relied on a fixed model proposed in 2007 by Dr. Hafeznia, Dr. Afshardi, and Dr. Rashid. Given the evolving nature of warfare and the dynamic character of geopolitical factors, the identification of these elements has become increasingly necessary. Furthermore, a unified definition of geostrategy has yet to be established, leaving geostrategic factors insufficiently addressed. This study aims to identify and develop the key geopolitical and geostrategic factors influencing defense strategies. Employing a descriptive-developmental design with a qualitative approach, data were collected through library research and expert interviews. The findings indicate eight primary geopolitical factors, each with associated indicators: military (39 indicators), economic (31 indicators), political (23 indicators), geographic (22 indicators), security (9 indicators), cultural (9 indicators), social (8 indicators), and science and technology (4 indicators). Expert consensus further suggests that when geopolitical factors exert influence at a global scale, they may evolve into geostrategic factors.

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